結論(サクッと要点)
- 形(一般動詞):過去は did を使う。
- 否定=didn’t+原形
- 疑問=Did+主語+原形?
- 短答=Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
- be の過去:was / were
- 短答=Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
- 時の合図:yesterday , last〜 , 〜ago , in 2010 など
※一行例:Did you go? — Yes, I did. / He was at home.
まずこれだけ(最小セット)
規則動詞の過去
play→played / watch→watched / study→studied / stop→stopped
不規則ミニセット
go→went / come→came / have→had / do→did / get→got / make→made / see→saw
be動詞の過去
I / He / She / It → was
You / We / They → were
形のルール(肯定・否定・疑問・短答)
- 肯定(一般動詞):S+V-ed / 不規則過去
- I played soccer yesterday.
- We went to the park.
- 否定:S+didn’t+原形
- She didn’t watch TV.
- He didn’t do his homework.
- 疑問:Did+S+原形?
- Did you go to school?
- Did they have lunch at noon?
- 短答(一般動詞):Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
- Did you go to school? — Yes, I did.
- Did she play tennis? — No, she didn’t.
- be動詞の過去:He was tired. / Were they happy? — Yes, they were.
- She was at school.
- Were you tired? — Yes, I was.
使い分けとニュアンス(かんたん)
- be の過去(いた / だった)と、did(した)は別物
He was at home. / He did his homework.
- 二重過去はしない
❌ did played → ○ did play(否定・疑問・短答の時は原形)
- 時間の感じ
in 2010 は「2010年に」(過去) / since 2010 は別単元(現在完了)
やりがちミス
1)didn’t の後ろを過去形にする → didn’t go(原形)
2)be動詞に did をつける → Were you at home?(❌ Did you were …)
3)語尾 ed のつけ方 → study→studied / stop→stopped(子音重ね)
例文セット(音読してみて)
- I played soccer yesterday.(昨日サッカーをしました)
- She didn’t watch TV last night.(彼女は昨夜テレビを見ませんでした)
- Did you go to school? — Yes, I did.(学校に行った?— うん)
- He was at home.(彼は家にいました)
- Were they busy? — No, they weren’t.(彼らは忙しかった?— いいえ)
- I studied English two days ago.(2日前に英語を勉強しました)
- We had dinner at six.(6時に夕食を食べました)
- She came late.(彼女は遅れて来ました)
- He made a cake.(彼はケーキを作りました)
- I saw my teacher in the park.(公園で先生に会いました)
10分ドリル(答え付き)
- I ____ (play) soccer yesterday.
- She ____ (not / watch) TV last night.
- ____ you ____ (go) to school?
- He ____ (be) at home.
- ____ they ____ (be) happy? — No, they _____.
- We ____ (have) lunch at noon.
- I ____ (see) a movie.
- He ____ (not / do) his homework.
- ____ she ____ (come) late?
- They ____ (make) dinner.
【答え】
- played
- didn’t watch
- Did / go
- was
- Were / — / weren’t
- had
- saw
- didn’t do
- Did / come
- made
よくある質問(FAQ)
3ステップ音読ルーティン
1)声量を落として正確に(2分)
2)短答だけ反射で(3分):Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. / Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
3)録音→聞き直し(5分):did+原形 / was・were の切り替えに印
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