目次
結論(サクッと要点)
- SVOO = 「人→物」の順
- (I gave him a pen.)
- SVO + to 人 = 「相手へ向かう」give / send / show / tell / explain など
- (I gave a pen to him.)
- SVO + for 人 = 「その人のために」make / buy / cook / find / get など
- (I bought a pen for him.)
- SVC = 主語 +(be/look/feel/become…)+ 形容詞 / 名詞
- (He is happy. / She became a teacher.)
まずこれだけ覚えよう
- 「相手に向かって渡す / 見せる / 話す」→ to
- 「その人のために作る / 買う / 探す」→ for
- SVOO ↔ SVO + to / for に言い換え可
- I sent her a photo. = I sent a photo to her.
- I made him lunch. = I made lunch for him.
- 言い換え不可の代表
- explain / introduce / describe(❌ explain him … → ○ explain … to him)
形のルール(SVOO / SVO + to・for)
・SVOO:主語 + 動詞 + 人 + 物(I taught him English.)
・SVO + to:主語 + 動詞 + 物 + to + 人(I taught English to him.)
・SVO + for:主語 + 動詞 + 物 + for + 人(She cooked dinner for us.)
よく使う動詞リスト
まず判断
to =「相手に向かって」渡す・見せる・話す
for =「その人のために」作る・買う・探す
- to をとる(相手へ向かう)
- give / send / show / tell / teach / write / read / lend / sell
- 例)give it to him/show the picture to her
- ※ write / read はどちらも可:write me a letter = write a letter to me
- give / send / show / tell / teach / write / read / lend / sell
- 必ず to(SVOOにしない)
- explain / introduce / describe / say
- 例)explain the rule to me(❌ explain me the rule)
- say hello to him(❌ say him hello)
- explain / introduce / describe / say
- for をとる(その人のために)
- make / buy / cook / get / find / leave / build / choose / save / keep
- 例)make lunch for him / find a seat for me / keep a seat for me
- make / buy / cook / get / find / leave / build / choose / save / keep
使い分けとニュアンス(かんたんに言うと)
- buy / make は for(❌ I bought a pen to him → ○ … for him)
- give / send / show は to(❌ She gave me it → ○ She gave it to me)
- 代名詞の時は to / for の後ろに置くと自然(I gave it to him.)
SVC(リンク動詞)超要点だけ(やさしく)
- SVCの形:Subject(主語) + Linking Verb(つなぐ動詞) + Complement(補語)
- 補語は「主語のようす・正体」を表す 形容詞 or 名詞。
- イメージは S = C(主語と補語がイコール)。
- よく使うリンク動詞
- be / become / get / turn / grow / seem / look / feel / sound / smell / taste / remain / stay
- 基本例
- He is happy.(S=C)
- She became a nurse.(彼女=看護師になった)
- It looks difficult.(それ=むずかしそう)
- I feel cold.(私=寒いと感じる)
- The soup smells good.(スープ=いいにおい)
- The door remained closed.(ドア=閉じたままだった)
- 形容詞を置く(副詞にしない)
- ❌ He is happily. → ○ He is happy.
- ❌ It tastes well. → ○ It tastes good.
※「体調がよい」は I’m well. / I feel well. もOK(well = 健康な)。
- look と look at
- look + 形容詞 = 見た感じ〜だ(He looks tired.)
- look at + 名詞 = 〜を見る(He looks at the picture.)
- 「変化」を表す言い方
- become のやわらかい言い換え:get / turn / grow + 形容詞
- He got angry.(怒った) / The leaves turned red.(赤くなった)
- SVOCとどう違う?(別物)
- SVOC:動詞 + 目的語 + 補語(補語は「目的語」を説明)
- The news made me happy.(私 = happy)
- He kept the door open.(ドア = open)
- They named the baby Ken.(赤ちゃん = Ken)
- SVOC:動詞 + 目的語 + 補語(補語は「目的語」を説明)
- 迷ったら「イコール判定」
- ① 動詞の後ろの語が 主語を言い換える? → SVC
- ② それが 目的語を言い換える? → SVOC
- ③ 「人→物」の順で渡す感じ? → SVOO
- ミニ確認(答え)
- ① She became angry.(SVC)
- ② The movie made me sleepy.(SVOC)
- ③ They gave him a book.(SVOO)
やりがちミス
1)explain / introduce / describe をSVOOにする
❌ explain him the rule → ○ explain the rule to him
2)buy / make を to で言う
❌ buy a pen to him → ○ for him
3)代名詞の位置
❌ She gave me it → ○ She gave it to me
例文セット(音読してみよう)
- I gave him a pen. / I gave a pen to him.
- She sent me a photo. / She sent a photo to me.
- We made her lunch. / We made lunch for her.
- He found me a seat. / He found a seat for me.
- Please explain the rule to me.(SVOOにしない)
- She introduced her friend to us.
- He is happy.(SVC)
- She became a teacher.(SVC)
- The news made me happy.(SVOC)
- They showed us the way. / They showed the way to us.
10分ドリル(答え付き)
- I (gave) ____ a ticket. (him / to him)
- She (made) a cake ____ her mother. (to / for)
- Please (explain) it ____ me. (to / for)
- They (sent) a message ____ us. (to / for)
- He (found) ____ a chair. (me / to me)
- She (introduced) her brother ____ my friends. (to / for)
- We (bought) a bag ____ him. (to / for)
- The news (made) me ____. (happy / happily)
- He (kept) the door ____. (open / openly)
- She (showed) ____ the photos. (us / to us)
【答え】
- him / to him どちらも可(SVOO / to)
- for
- to
- to
- me
- to
- for
- happy
- open
- us
よくある質問(FAQ)
次の一歩(その他の基本もおさらいしておこう)
SVCの土台


形容詞の基本|SVCで「〜な状態」を言う・名詞の前で説明【例文・10分ドリル・FAQ】
結論(サクッと要点) 形容詞は、人や物の「ようす・性質」を言うことば。 置き場所は2つ ①名詞の前(a big dog) ②be動詞・感覚動詞の後(He is happy. / It looks eas…
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進行形の基本|be + V‑ing をやさしく解説【例文・10分ドリル付き】
結論(サクッと要点) ・形:am / is / are + 動詞-ing(=be + V-ing。beを忘れない)・使いどころ:①今していること ②一時的な状態 ③直近の予定(口語)・短答(Yes /…
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過去形の基本|did と was / were をやさしく整理【例文・10分ドリル】
結論(サクッと要点) 形(一般動詞):過去は did を使う。 否定=didn’t+原形 疑問=Did+主語+原形? 短答=Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. be の過去:was / were …
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副詞の基本|「どうする?どのくらい?」をやさしく表す【形容詞との違い・例文・10分ドリル・FAQ】
結論(サクッと要点) 副詞は「どうする?どのくらい?いつ?どこで?」を説明することば。 場所:ふつうは動詞の後ろか文のいちばん後ろ。 回数のことば(often など)…
