SVOO / SVO+to・for / SVCの基本|「あげる・作ってあげる・〜に見える」を一気に整理【例文・10分ドリル・FAQ】

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結論(サクッと要点)

  • SVOO = 「人→物」の順
    • (I gave him a pen.)
  • SVO + to 人 = 「相手へ向かう」give / send / show / tell / explain など
    • (I gave a pen to him.)
  • SVO + for 人 = 「その人のために」make / buy / cook / find / get など
    • (I bought a pen for him.)
  • SVC主語 +(be/look/feel/become…)+ 形容詞 / 名詞
    • (He is happy. / She became a teacher.)

まずこれだけ覚えよう

  • 「相手に向かって渡す / 見せる / 話す」→ to
  • 「その人のために作る / 買う / 探す」→ for
  • SVOO ↔ SVO + to / for に言い換え可
    • I sent her a photo. = I sent a photo to her.
    • I made him lunch. = I made lunch for him.
  • 言い換え不可の代表
    • explain / introduce / describe(❌ explain him … → ○ explain … to him

形のルール(SVOO / SVO + to・for)

SVOO主語 + 動詞 + (I taught him English.)

SVO + to:主語 + 動詞 + to (I taught English to him.)

SVO + for:主語 + 動詞 + for (She cooked dinner for us.)


よく使う動詞リスト

まず判断
to =「相手に向かって」渡す・見せる・話す
for =「その人のために」作る・買う・探す

  • to をとる(相手へ向かう)
    • give / send / show / tell / teach / write / read / lend / sell
      • 例)give it to him/show the picture to her
      • ※ write / read はどちらも可:write me a letter = write a letter to me
  • 必ず toSVOOにしない
    • explain / introduce / describe / say
      • 例)explain the rule to me(❌ explain me the rule)
      •   say hello to him(❌ say him hello)
  • for をとる(その人のために)
    • make / buy / cook / get / find / leave / build / choose / save / keep
      • 例)make lunch for him / find a seat for me / keep a seat for me

ミニ注意
・代名詞(it, them など)は to / for の後ろに置くと自然:give it to him
・buy / make は for が基本(❌ buy a pen to him → ○ buy a pen for him)


使い分けとニュアンス(かんたんに言うと)

  • buy / make は for(❌ I bought a pen to him → ○ … for him)
  • give / send / show は to(❌ She gave me it → ○ She gave it to me
  • 代名詞の時は to / for の後ろに置くと自然(I gave it to him.)

SVC(リンク動詞)超要点だけ(やさしく)

  • SVCの形:Subject(主語) + Linking Verb(つなぐ動詞) + Complement(補語)
    • 補語は「主語のようす・正体」を表す 形容詞 or 名詞
    • イメージは S = C主語と補語イコール)。
  • よく使うリンク動詞
    • be / become / get / turn / grow / seem / look / feel / sound / smell / taste / remain / stay
  • 基本例
    • He is happy.(S=C)
    • She became a nurse.(彼女=看護師になった)
    • It looks difficult.(それ=むずかしそう)
    • I feel cold.(私=寒いと感じる)
    • The soup smells good.(スープ=いいにおい)
    • The door remained closed.(ドア=閉じたままだった)
  • 形容詞を置く(副詞にしない)
    • ❌ He is happily. → ○ He is happy.
    • ❌ It tastes well. → ○ It tastes good.
      ※「体調がよい」は I’m well. / I feel well. もOK(well = 健康な)。
  • look と look at
    • look + 形容詞 = 見た感じ〜だ(He looks tired.)
    • look at + 名詞 = 〜を見る(He looks at the picture.)
  • 変化」を表す言い方
    • become のやわらかい言い換え:get / turn / grow + 形容詞
    • He got angry.(怒った) / The leaves turned red.(赤くなった)
  • SVOCとどう違う?(別物)
    • SVOC:動詞 + 目的語 + 補語(補語は「目的語」を説明)
      • The news made me happy.(私 = happy)
      • He kept the door open.(ドア = open)
      • They named the baby Ken.(赤ちゃん = Ken)
  • 迷ったら「イコール判定」
    • ① 動詞の後ろの語が 主語を言い換える? → SVC
    • ② それが 目的語を言い換える? → SVOC
    • ③ 「人→物」の順で渡す感じ? → SVOO
  • ミニ確認(答え)
    • ① She became angry.(SVC)
    • ② The movie made me sleepy.(SVOC)
    • ③ They gave him a book.(SVOO)

やりがちミス

1)explain / introduce / describe をSVOOにする
❌ explain him the rule → ○ explain the rule to him

2)buy / make を to で言う
❌ buy a pen to him → ○ for him

3)代名詞の位置
❌ She gave me it → ○ She gave it to me


例文セット(音読してみよう)

  1. I gave him a pen. / I gave a pen to him.
  2. She sent me a photo. / She sent a photo to me.
  3. We made her lunch. / We made lunch for her.
  4. He found me a seat. / He found a seat for me.
  5. Please explain the rule to me.(SVOOにしない)
  6. She introduced her friend to us.
  7. He is happy.(SVC)
  8. She became a teacher.(SVC)
  9. The news made me happy.(SVOC)
  10. They showed us the way. / They showed the way to us.

10分ドリル(答え付き)

to = 相手へ向かう / for = その人のために。explain等は to のみ。

  1. I (gave) ____ a ticket. (him / to him)
  2. She (made) a cake ____ her mother. (to / for)
  3. Please (explain) it ____ me. (to / for)
  4. They (sent) a message ____ us. (to / for)
  5. He (found) ____ a chair. (me / to me)
  6. She (introduced) her brother ____ my friends. (to / for)
  7. We (bought) a bag ____ him. (to / for)
  8. The news (made) me ____. (happy / happily)
  9. He (kept) the door ____. (open / openly)
  10. She (showed) ____ the photos. (us / to us)
【答え】
  1. him / to him どちらも可(SVOO / to)
  2. for
  3. to
  4. to
  5. me
  6. to
  7. for
  8. happy
  9. open
  10. us

よくある質問(FAQ)

explain は「人→物」の順にできますか?

できません。explain + 物 + to + 人 の形にします。

buy は to と for どっち?

for人のために買う)。

SVC と SVOC の見分け方は?

SVCは「主語=補語」SVOCは「目的語=補語」(make / keep / leave など)。


次の一歩(その他の基本もおさらいしておこう)

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